Air cannons are a BLAST! I cannot take credit for this design or any for that matter but they can easily be replicated to suite your needs. We use them to lauch torpedo shaped footballs into waste bins, we only use about 15 psi. for that. Jack the air to 80 psi and you can barely see it.
The systems I have made in the past were constructed of pvc, I am incredibly leery of using pvc pipe under pressure. There are enough articles on the Internet that warn against using pvc under pressure. It is not intended for pressurized air, however, at only 15-30 psi it is fairly safe.
I never let the children handle any components other than the trigger and I have the cannon mounted on an adjustable frame to compensate for height and distance. In fact another one of my upcoming projects is to aim & fire the air cannon remotely. Pop Pop will still load the thing.